Which dietary pattern is commonly recommended in hypertension management?

• A. Mediterranean diet
• B. DASH dietary pattern
• C. Ketogenic diet
• D. Paleo diet

Answer: (B)

Evidence supports that certain dietary patterns can lower blood pressure, and the DASH pattern is the one most consistently recommended for hypertension management. This plan emphasizes fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy, along with lean proteins and whole grains, while limiting saturated fat and added sugars. The diet provides generous amounts of potassium, calcium, and magnesium, minerals that help relax and widen blood vessels, which lowers blood pressure. Trials show meaningful reductions in both systolic and diastolic pressure, and the benefit occurs even before weight loss, making it a practical first-line approach when someone is managing hypertension. It also pairs well with sodium reduction and is adaptable to different cultural foods and preferences, with realistic guidelines for portions and meal planning.

Other diets may promote heart health in general, but they aren’t as specifically targeted to lowering blood pressure. For example, the Mediterranean pattern supports overall cardiovascular health, but its effects on hypertension are less direct. Ketogenic and Paleo patterns are not established as effective strategies for reducing blood pressure and may raise concerns for long-term BP and metabolic balance in some individuals.